refactor(routing): 暴露 system_locked_domains + 服务端 follow-up 清理(FK/Validate/dedup/exclude单源/共用Store/Builtin保留)

design/server/openapi.yaml

@@ -244,10 +244,18 @@ components:
           description: 国内域名/IP 直连
         lan_direct:
           type: boolean
-          description: 局域网直连
+          readOnly: true
+          description: >-
+            reserved/always-on：局域网直连由系统层恒渲染（route_exclude_address +
+            固定 LAN 直连规则），渲染器不读此开关，当前始终生效；字段保留供未来扩展
+            per-user 关闭，目前无实际效果。
         private_via_tunnel:
           type: boolean
-          description: 私有服务域名强制走隧道（家庭内网穿透场景）
+          readOnly: true
+          description: >-
+            reserved/always-on：配置了 PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS 时，这些私有
+            服务域名恒强制走隧道，渲染器不读此开关，当前始终生效；字段保留供未来扩展
+            per-user 关闭，目前无实际效果。
 
     RoutingProfile:
       type: object
@@ -267,6 +275,24 @@ components:
           type: string
           enum: [proxy, direct]
 
+    RoutingProfileResponse:
+      description: GET /me/routing 响应体：档案字段 + 只读的系统强制域名清单
+      allOf:
+        - $ref: '#/components/schemas/RoutingProfile'
+        - type: object
+          required: [system_locked_domains]
+          properties:
+            system_locked_domains:
+              type: array
+              readOnly: true
+              items:
+                type: string
+              description: >-
+                系统强制走隧道的私有服务域名（PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS）。
+                用户对这些域名的自定义规则会静默失效；仅供客户端提示用户，不可写入
+                （POST 请求体中出现该字段会被忽略，不会持久化）。
+              example: [nas.example.com]
+
     RoutingValidationError:
       type: object
       required: [code, message_zh, message_en, errors]
@@ -500,11 +526,11 @@ paths:
       summary: 获取当前用户的分流配置（可配置分流；未自定义时返回默认档案）
       responses:
         '200':
-          description: 分流档案
+          description: 分流档案（含只读 system_locked_domains）
           content:
             application/json:
               schema:
-                $ref: '#/components/schemas/RoutingProfile'
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/RoutingProfileResponse'
         '401':
           description: 未认证
           content:

server/api/openapi.yaml

@@ -259,11 +259,11 @@ paths:
       tags: [Account]
       responses:
         "200":
-          description: 分流档案
+          description: 分流档案（含只读 system_locked_domains）
           content:
             application/json:
               schema:
-                $ref: "#/components/schemas/RoutingProfile"
+                $ref: "#/components/schemas/RoutingProfileResponse"
         "401":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/Unauthorized"
         "500":
@@ -1209,10 +1209,18 @@ components:
           description: 国内域名/IP 直连
         lan_direct:
           type: boolean
-          description: 局域网直连
+          readOnly: true
+          description: >-
+            reserved/always-on：局域网直连由系统层恒渲染（route_exclude_address +
+            固定 LAN 直连规则），渲染器不读此开关，当前始终生效；字段保留供未来扩展
+            per-user 关闭，目前无实际效果。
         private_via_tunnel:
           type: boolean
-          description: 私有服务域名强制走隧道（家庭内网穿透场景）
+          readOnly: true
+          description: >-
+            reserved/always-on：配置了 PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS 时，这些私有
+            服务域名恒强制走隧道，渲染器不读此开关，当前始终生效；字段保留供未来扩展
+            per-user 关闭，目前无实际效果。
 
     RoutingProfile:
       type: object
@@ -1232,6 +1240,24 @@ components:
           type: string
           enum: [proxy, direct]
 
+    RoutingProfileResponse:
+      description: GET /me/routing 响应体：档案字段 + 只读的系统强制域名清单
+      allOf:
+        - $ref: "#/components/schemas/RoutingProfile"
+        - type: object
+          required: [system_locked_domains]
+          properties:
+            system_locked_domains:
+              type: array
+              readOnly: true
+              items:
+                type: string
+              description: >-
+                系统强制走隧道的私有服务域名（PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS）。
+                用户对这些域名的自定义规则会静默失效；仅供客户端提示用户，不可写入
+                （POST 请求体中出现该字段会被忽略，不会持久化）。
+              example: [nas.example.com]
+
     RoutingValidationError:
       type: object
       required: [code, message_zh, message_en, errors]

server/cmd/server/main.go

@@ -408,7 +408,18 @@ func mountV1(r chi.Router, sqlDB *sql.DB, rdb *redis.Client, nodeSvc *nodes.Serv
 	accountAPI := httpapi.NewAccountAPI(sqlDB)
 
 	// ── Routing profile (可配置分流) ───────────────────────────────────────────
-	routingAPI := httpapi.NewRoutingAPI(routing.NewStore(sqlDB))
+	// 私有服务域名分流(家庭内网穿透,如 nas/git/win.yanmeiai.com):逗号分隔;
+	// 这些域名用系统 DNS 解析、在外强制走隧道(排在国内分流前)。用户对这些域名的
+	// 自定义规则会静默失效——同一份 slice 注入 RoutingAPI,GET /v1/me/routing
+	// 附带 system_locked_domains 供客户端提示,以及 NodeAPI(渲染 sing-box 配置)。
+	var privateSplitDomains []string
+	for _, d := range strings.Split(os.Getenv("PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS"), ",") {
+		if d = strings.TrimSpace(d); d != "" {
+			privateSplitDomains = append(privateSplitDomains, d)
+		}
+	}
+	routingStore := routing.NewStore(sqlDB)
+	routingAPI := httpapi.NewRoutingAPI(routingStore, privateSplitDomains)
 
 	// ── Nodes + Connect ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 	var nodeAPI *httpapi.NodeAPI
@@ -423,15 +434,7 @@ func mountV1(r chi.Router, sqlDB *sql.DB, rdb *redis.Client, nodeSvc *nodes.Serv
 			slog.Warn("PANGOLIN_PUBLIC_URL 未设置:国内分流(split_cn)将被静默跳过,客户端全量走隧道。" +
 				"如需国内直连,设为控制面对外公网基址(如 http://<公网IP>:8080)")
 		}
-		// 私有服务域名分流(家庭内网穿透,如 nas/git/win.yanmeiai.com):
-		// 逗号分隔;这些域名用系统 DNS 解析、在外强制走隧道(排在国内分流前)。
-		var privateSplitDomains []string
-		for _, d := range strings.Split(os.Getenv("PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS"), ",") {
-			if d = strings.TrimSpace(d); d != "" {
-				privateSplitDomains = append(privateSplitDomains, d)
-			}
-		}
-		nodeAPI = httpapi.NewNodeAPI(nodeStore, nodeSvc.Hub(), nodeSvc.Load(), os.Getenv("NODE_DERIVE_KEY"), publicURL, privateSplitDomains, routing.NewStore(sqlDB))
+		nodeAPI = httpapi.NewNodeAPI(nodeStore, nodeSvc.Hub(), nodeSvc.Load(), os.Getenv("NODE_DERIVE_KEY"), publicURL, privateSplitDomains, routingStore)
 	}
 
 	// 国内分流(#5)的 rule-set 静态服务:GET /v1/rules/{name}.srs(自托管,

server/internal/httpapi/clientconfig.go

@@ -270,9 +270,15 @@ func BuildClientConfig(node *nodes.NodeRow, dpUUID, deriveKey string, opts Clien
 	if len(extraExclude) > 0 {
 		// IP 直连真生效:并入 TUN 入站的 route_exclude_address(auto_route 层排除,
 		// 见 tunIn 构造处注释——单靠 route.rules 的 ip_cidr→direct 在 macOS
-		// strict_route 下不生效)。与既有 LAN 网段去重合并。
-		exclude := []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "10.0.0.0/8"}
-		seen := map[string]bool{"192.168.0.0/16": true, "10.0.0.0/8": true}
+		// strict_route 下不生效)。单源读 tunIn 现有种子(不重复硬编码 LAN 网段;
+		// 其为 192.168+10,与上面 route.rules 的 LAN 直连 4 段有意不同——不能改成
+		// LAN 全集,否则会漏排除/多排除),与 extraExclude 去重合并、写回。
+		base, _ := tunIn["route_exclude_address"].([]string)
+		exclude := append([]string{}, base...)
+		seen := make(map[string]bool, len(base))
+		for _, e := range base {
+			seen[e] = true
+		}
 		for _, e := range extraExclude {
 			if !seen[e] {
 				seen[e] = true

server/internal/httpapi/nodes_connect_test.go

@@ -64,6 +64,19 @@ func openRoutingDB(t *testing.T) *sql.DB {
 	return db
 }
 
+// seedConnectUser inserts a minimal users row so routing_profiles inserts
+// (which now declare FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)) satisfy the
+// constraint — this DB opens with _pragma=foreign_keys(1) (internal/db/db.go),
+// so SQLite does enforce it, unlike a bare default SQLite connection.
+func seedConnectUser(t *testing.T, db *sql.DB, id int64) {
+	t.Helper()
+	uuid := "u-connect"
+	if _, err := db.Exec(`INSERT INTO users (id,uuid,email,pw_hash,dp_uuid,status,created_at)
+		VALUES (?,?,?, 'x','dp-'||?, 'active', ?)`, id, uuid, uuid+"@x", uuid, time.Now().UTC()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
 // newOnlineHub returns a real *nodes.Hub (backed by miniredis) with nodeUUID
 // registered online, so ConnectNode's a.hub.IsOnline(...) gate passes and
 // Push(...) succeeds without a real Redis deployment.
@@ -98,6 +111,7 @@ func TestConnectNode_ReadsRoutingProfile(t *testing.T) {
 	const uid = int64(42)
 
 	db := openRoutingDB(t)
+	seedConnectUser(t, db, uid)
 	rst := routing.NewStore(db)
 	p := routing.Default()
 	p.Rules = []routing.Rule{
@@ -167,6 +181,7 @@ func TestConnectNode_RoutingStoreErr_FailsSafe(t *testing.T) {
 	const uid = int64(44)
 
 	db := openRoutingDB(t)
+	seedConnectUser(t, db, uid)
 	// 写入一条无法反序列化的 profile_json，模拟 Get 出错。
 	if _, err := db.Exec(`INSERT INTO routing_profiles (user_id, profile_json, updated_at) VALUES (?,?,?)`,
 		uid, "{not-json", time.Now().UTC()); err != nil {

server/internal/httpapi/routing.go

@@ -14,10 +14,28 @@ import (
 // user hasn't customized one yet; POST validates and upserts.
 type RoutingAPI struct {
 	store *routing.Store
+	// lockedDomains are the system-forced-tunnel private-service domains
+	// (PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS, same slice injected into NodeAPI) —
+	// read-only, surfaced to GET so clients can warn users that rules against
+	// these domains silently have no effect. Never written to the persisted
+	// Profile.
+	lockedDomains []string
 }
 
 // NewRoutingAPI creates a RoutingAPI backed by the given routing.Store.
-func NewRoutingAPI(store *routing.Store) *RoutingAPI { return &RoutingAPI{store: store} }
+// lockedDomains is the system-forced private-service domain list (may be nil).
+func NewRoutingAPI(store *routing.Store, lockedDomains []string) *RoutingAPI {
+	return &RoutingAPI{store: store, lockedDomains: lockedDomains}
+}
+
+// profileResponse wraps routing.Profile for GET /v1/me/routing, adding the
+// read-only system_locked_domains list. It deliberately lives here — not on
+// routing.Profile itself — so the field can never leak into the writable
+// Profile contract that SaveProfile decodes POST bodies into.
+type profileResponse struct {
+	*routing.Profile
+	SystemLockedDomains []string `json:"system_locked_domains"`
+}
 
 // GetProfile handles GET /v1/me/routing.
 func (a *RoutingAPI) GetProfile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -34,7 +52,11 @@ func (a *RoutingAPI) GetProfile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if p == nil {
 		p = routing.Default()
 	}
-	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, p)
+	locked := a.lockedDomains
+	if locked == nil {
+		locked = []string{}
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, profileResponse{Profile: p, SystemLockedDomains: locked})
 }
 
 // SaveProfile handles POST /v1/me/routing. On validation failure it returns

server/internal/httpapi/routing_test.go

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func doAuthReq(t *testing.T, method, target string, body *strings.Reader, uid in
 func TestRoutingGetDefaultThenSave(t *testing.T) {
 	db := openRoutingTestDB(t)
 	seedRoutingUser(t, db, 7)
-	api := NewRoutingAPI(routing.NewStore(db))
+	api := NewRoutingAPI(routing.NewStore(db), nil)
 
 	// GET 无档案 → 200 + Default
 	rr := doAuthReq(t, http.MethodGet, "/v1/me/routing", nil, 7, api.GetProfile)
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func TestRoutingGetDefaultThenSave(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRoutingGetUnauthorized(t *testing.T) {
 	db := openRoutingTestDB(t)
-	api := NewRoutingAPI(routing.NewStore(db))
+	api := NewRoutingAPI(routing.NewStore(db), nil)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/v1/me/routing", nil)
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	api.GetProfile(rr, req)
@@ -128,3 +128,82 @@ func TestRoutingGetUnauthorized(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 401, got %d", rr.Code)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestRoutingGetExposesSystemLockedDomains: GET must surface the injected
+// lockedDomains list under system_locked_domains, without it ever ending up
+// as part of routing.Profile's own field set.
+func TestRoutingGetExposesSystemLockedDomains(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openRoutingTestDB(t)
+	seedRoutingUser(t, db, 8)
+	api := NewRoutingAPI(routing.NewStore(db), []string{"nas.x.com"})
+
+	rr := doAuthReq(t, http.MethodGet, "/v1/me/routing", nil, 8, api.GetProfile)
+	if rr.Code != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("GET code %d", rr.Code)
+	}
+	var resp struct {
+		SystemLockedDomains []string `json:"system_locked_domains"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(resp.SystemLockedDomains) != 1 || resp.SystemLockedDomains[0] != "nas.x.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("want system_locked_domains=[nas.x.com], got %v", resp.SystemLockedDomains)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRoutingGetSystemLockedDomainsNilBecomesEmptyArray: a nil lockedDomains
+// slice (no PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS configured) must serialize as
+// `[]`, not `null` — clients shouldn't need a nil-check.
+func TestRoutingGetSystemLockedDomainsNilBecomesEmptyArray(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openRoutingTestDB(t)
+	seedRoutingUser(t, db, 9)
+	api := NewRoutingAPI(routing.NewStore(db), nil)
+
+	rr := doAuthReq(t, http.MethodGet, "/v1/me/routing", nil, 9, api.GetProfile)
+	if rr.Code != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("GET code %d", rr.Code)
+	}
+	var raw map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &raw); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := string(raw["system_locked_domains"]); got != "[]" {
+		t.Fatalf("want system_locked_domains=`[]`, got %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRoutingSaveIgnoresSystemLockedDomains: a client POSTing a body that
+// includes system_locked_domains must not have it persisted — SaveProfile
+// decodes straight into routing.Profile, which has no such field, so the
+// key is silently dropped. Verify against the raw stored row (not the GET
+// response, which always injects it from a.lockedDomains regardless of what
+// was ever saved).
+func TestRoutingSaveIgnoresSystemLockedDomains(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openRoutingTestDB(t)
+	seedRoutingUser(t, db, 10)
+	store := routing.NewStore(db)
+	api := NewRoutingAPI(store, []string{"nas.x.com"})
+
+	body := `{"mode":"rule","builtin":{"china_direct":true,"lan_direct":true,"private_via_tunnel":true},` +
+		`"rules":[],"final":"proxy","system_locked_domains":["evil.attacker.com"]}`
+	rr := doAuthReq(t, http.MethodPost, "/v1/me/routing", strings.NewReader(body), 10, api.SaveProfile)
+	if rr.Code != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("POST code %d body %s", rr.Code, rr.Body)
+	}
+
+	stored, err := store.Get(context.Background(), 10)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if stored == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a persisted profile")
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(stored)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(string(raw), "system_locked_domains") || strings.Contains(string(raw), "evil.attacker.com") {
+		t.Fatalf("system_locked_domains must never be persisted, got stored profile JSON: %s", raw)
+	}
+}

server/internal/routing/profile.go

@@ -21,8 +21,17 @@ type Rule struct {
 // Builtin toggles the built-in routing behaviors that previously were
 // hardcoded into the server's sing-box config rendering.
 type Builtin struct {
-	ChinaDirect      bool `json:"china_direct"`
-	LanDirect        bool `json:"lan_direct"`
+	ChinaDirect bool `json:"china_direct"`
+	// LanDirect is reserved/always-on: the system layer (route_exclude_address
+	// + the hardcoded LAN direct rule in clientconfig.go) renders unconditionally
+	// regardless of this flag's value — the renderer does not read it. Kept in
+	// the wire contract for a possible future per-user opt-out; today it has no
+	// effect on rendering.
+	LanDirect bool `json:"lan_direct"`
+	// PrivateViaTunnel is reserved/always-on: when PANGOLIN_PRIVATE_SPLIT_DOMAINS
+	// is configured, those domains are always force-routed through the tunnel —
+	// the renderer does not read this flag. Kept in the wire contract for a
+	// possible future per-user opt-out; today it has no effect on rendering.
 	PrivateViaTunnel bool `json:"private_via_tunnel"`
 }
 
@@ -64,11 +73,11 @@ var geoWhitelist = map[string]bool{"cn": true} // geoip/geosite 仅自托管 cn
 
 // Validate checks the profile against the type/action whitelist, CIDR
 // syntax, the geo set whitelist, and the rule count cap. It returns an empty
-// (nil) slice when the profile is valid; every violation is reported
-// independently (no short-circuiting) so callers can surface all errors at
-// once.
+// (non-nil) slice when the profile is valid — so JSON encoding produces `[]`
+// rather than `null` — and every violation is reported independently (no
+// short-circuiting) so callers can surface all errors at once.
 func (p *Profile) Validate() []FieldError {
-	var errs []FieldError
+	errs := []FieldError{}
 	if p.Mode != "rule" && p.Mode != "global" && p.Mode != "direct" {
 		errs = append(errs, FieldError{-1, "mode", "must be rule|global|direct"})
 	}
@@ -102,14 +111,20 @@ func (p *Profile) Validate() []FieldError {
 	return errs
 }
 
+// dedupKey identifies a rule for Normalize's de-duplication. Using a struct
+// (rather than string-concatenating Type+Value+Action with a separator)
+// avoids false-collision when a value itself contains the separator
+// character.
+type dedupKey struct{ Type, Value, Action string }
+
 // Normalize trims rule values and de-duplicates rules by (type, value,
 // action), keeping the first occurrence's position (and its Note/Enabled).
 func (p *Profile) Normalize() {
-	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	seen := map[dedupKey]bool{}
 	out := p.Rules[:0]
 	for _, r := range p.Rules {
 		r.Value = strings.TrimSpace(r.Value)
-		k := r.Type + "|" + r.Value + "|" + r.Action
+		k := dedupKey{r.Type, r.Value, r.Action}
 		if seen[k] {
 			continue
 		}

server/internal/routing/profile_test.go

@@ -1,13 +1,32 @@
 package routing
 
-import "testing"
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestValidateEmptyErrorsSerializeAsArray guards the JSON shape API clients
+// depend on: a valid profile's Validate() must marshal to `[]`, not `null`.
+func TestValidateEmptyErrorsSerializeAsArray(t *testing.T) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(Default().Validate())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(raw) != "[]" {
+		t.Fatalf("want `[]`, got %s", raw)
+	}
+}
 
 func TestValidate(t *testing.T) {
 	ok := Default()
 	ok.Rules = []Rule{{Type: "domain_suffix", Value: "example.com", Action: "direct", Enabled: true}}
-	if e := ok.Validate(); len(e) != 0 {
+	e := ok.Validate()
+	if len(e) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("valid profile got errors %v", e)
 	}
+	if e == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Validate must return a non-nil empty slice (serializes to [] not null)")
+	}
 
 	bad := Default()
 	bad.Mode = "weird"   // 非法 mode
@@ -48,3 +67,19 @@ func TestNormalizeDedupAndTrim(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("want first-occurrence order preserved, got %v", p.Rules)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestNormalizeDedupNoSeparatorCollision guards against the historical
+// string-concatenation dedup key ("type|value|action"): two distinct rules
+// whose Value contains "|" could concatenate to the same string even though
+// (type, value, action) differ. The struct-keyed dedup must tell them apart.
+func TestNormalizeDedupNoSeparatorCollision(t *testing.T) {
+	p := Default()
+	p.Rules = []Rule{
+		{Type: "domain", Value: "a|b", Action: "proxy", Enabled: true},
+		{Type: "domain", Value: "a", Action: "b|proxy", Enabled: true},
+	}
+	p.Normalize()
+	if len(p.Rules) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 distinct rules preserved (no false collision), got %d: %v", len(p.Rules), p.Rules)
+	}
+}

server/internal/routing/store_sqlite_test.go

@@ -32,6 +32,27 @@ func seedU(t *testing.T, db *sql.DB, id int64, uuid string) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestSQLiteRoutingStoreGetNoProfileRow isolates the "queried the DB, found
+// no row" path from TestSQLiteRoutingStoreUpsertGet's combined
+// empty→upsert→overwrite flow: a store backed by a real (non-nil) *sql.DB,
+// with the user seeded but no routing_profiles row for them, must return
+// (nil, nil) — not an error — via the sql.ErrNoRows branch in Store.Get.
+func TestSQLiteRoutingStoreGetNoProfileRow(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openDB(t)
+	seedU(t, db, 2, "u2")
+	st := NewStore(db)
+	if st == nil {
+		t.Fatal("NewStore returned nil")
+	}
+	got, err := st.Get(context.Background(), 2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("want nil error for no-rows, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("want nil profile for seeded user with no profile row, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSQLiteRoutingStoreUpsertGet(t *testing.T) {
 	db := openDB(t) // 内存库 + MigrateUp(sqlite)
 	seedU(t, db, 1, "u1")

server/migrations/sqlite/000028_routing_profiles.up.sql

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 CREATE TABLE routing_profiles (
   user_id      INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
   profile_json TEXT NOT NULL,
-  updated_at   DATETIME NOT NULL
+  updated_at   DATETIME NOT NULL,
+  FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );