diff --git a/service/usbip/export_ledger.go b/service/usbip/export_ledger.go
index 85b0d1a34..3012ac19e 100644
--- a/service/usbip/export_ledger.go
+++ b/service/usbip/export_ledger.go
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ import (
 // exportLedger owns the server's authoritative mutable state: which
 // devices it is exporting, which busids are currently in use, who is
 // subscribed to control-channel updates, and which import leases are
-// outstanding. It absorbs what previously lived as four fields plus a
-// LeaseManager on ServerService.
+// outstanding.
 //
 // Synchronization:
 //
@@ -29,11 +28,6 @@ import (
 //
 //	fast: broadcast bookkeeping. seq, nextSubID, subs, state.
 //	slow: inventory and leases. exports, busy, leases, nextLeaseID.
-//
-//	The previous controlAccess -> LeaseManager.access -> access
-//	ordering documented in lease.go disappears because the only
-//	remaining cross-state operation (IssueLease) reads seq under fast,
-//	releases, then uses slow.
 type exportLedger struct {
 	logger log.ContextLogger
 	now    func() time.Time
@@ -80,8 +74,7 @@ func newExportLedger(logger log.ContextLogger, ttl time.Duration, now func() tim
 	}
 }
 
-// IsBusy reports whether the busid currently has an active import. The
-// signature matches ExportHost.Reconcile's isBusy callback.
+// IsBusy reports whether the busid currently has an active import.
 func (l *exportLedger) IsBusy(busid string) bool {
 	l.slow.Lock()
 	defer l.slow.Unlock()
@@ -187,9 +180,15 @@ func (l *exportLedger) BroadcastIfChanged(ctx context.Context) bool {
 // mark is only inserted after the lease check passes and the second
 // availability re-check confirms no other goroutine raced in.
 func (l *exportLedger) TryReserveForImport(ctx context.Context, busid string) (Export, bool, string) {
-	export, reason, ok := l.checkAvailableUnderLock(busid)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, false, reason
+	l.slow.Lock()
+	export, found := l.exports[busid]
+	busy := l.busy[busid]
+	l.slow.Unlock()
+	if !found {
+		return nil, false, "unknown busid"
+	}
+	if busy {
+		return nil, false, deviceStateBusy
 	}
 	leaseOK, leaseReason := export.LeaseCheck(ctx)
 	if !leaseOK {
@@ -208,22 +207,7 @@ func (l *exportLedger) TryReserveForImport(ctx context.Context, busid string) (E
 	return export, true, ""
 }
 
-func (l *exportLedger) checkAvailableUnderLock(busid string) (Export, string, bool) {
-	l.slow.Lock()
-	defer l.slow.Unlock()
-	export, found := l.exports[busid]
-	if !found {
-		return nil, "unknown busid", false
-	}
-	if l.busy[busid] {
-		return nil, deviceStateBusy, false
-	}
-	return export, "", true
-}
-
-// ConfirmImport broadcasts that an import is now active. The busy mark
-// was set during TryReserveForImport; this method only broadcasts so
-// clients see the state change.
+// ConfirmImport broadcasts that an import is now active.
 func (l *exportLedger) ConfirmImport(ctx context.Context) {
 	l.BroadcastIfChanged(ctx)
 }
diff --git a/service/usbip/host.go b/service/usbip/host.go
index d8040eb8a..f30033f24 100644
--- a/service/usbip/host.go
+++ b/service/usbip/host.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 type ExportHost interface {
 	Start(ctx context.Context) error
 	Close() error
-	Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid string) bool) (snapshot map[string]Export, released []string, changed bool, err error)
+	Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid string) bool) (snapshot map[string]Export, released []string, err error)
 	FinishImport(ctx context.Context, busid string) (released bool, err error)
 	// Events returns a channel that fires when device topology changes.
 	// Returning (nil, nil) means "no native event source; rely on
diff --git a/service/usbip/host_darwin.go b/service/usbip/host_darwin.go
index 29550ada4..6efa8abf3 100644
--- a/service/usbip/host_darwin.go
+++ b/service/usbip/host_darwin.go
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ func (h *darwinExportHost) Events(ctx context.Context) (<-chan struct{}, error)
 	return ch, nil
 }
 
-func (h *darwinExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid string) bool) (map[string]Export, []string, bool, error) {
+func (h *darwinExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid string) bool) (map[string]Export, []string, error) {
 	devices, err := h.ops.copyUSBHostDevices()
 	if err != nil {
-		return h.snapshotSelf(), nil, false, E.Cause(err, "enumerate IOUSBHost devices")
+		return h.snapshotSelf(), nil, E.Cause(err, "enumerate IOUSBHost devices")
 	}
 	desired := make(map[string]darwinUSBHostDeviceInfo)
 	for _, match := range h.matches {
@@ -159,7 +159,6 @@ func (h *darwinExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid stri
 		released = append(released, busid)
 	}
 
-	changed := len(toAdd) > 0 || len(toRemove) > 0
 	h.access.Lock()
 	for _, busid := range toStale {
 		exp, ok := h.exports[busid]
@@ -167,7 +166,6 @@ func (h *darwinExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid stri
 			continue
 		}
 		exp.stale = true
-		changed = true
 	}
 	for _, exp := range toRemove {
 		delete(h.exports, exp.busid)
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ func (h *darwinExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid stri
 			exp.device.Close()
 		}
 	}
-	return out, released, changed, nil
+	return out, released, nil
 }
 
 func (h *darwinExportHost) FinishImport(ctx context.Context, busid string) (bool, error) {
@@ -243,23 +241,20 @@ func (e *darwinExport) Snapshot(ctx context.Context, busy bool) ExportSnapshot {
 		}
 	}
 	state := deviceStateAvailable
-	reason := deviceStateAvailable
 	if busy {
 		state = deviceStateBusy
-		reason = deviceStateBusy
 	}
 	return ExportSnapshot{
-		Entry:        e.entry,
-		Backend:      backendIDDarwinIOKit,
-		StableID:     stableID,
-		State:        state,
-		StatusReason: reason,
+		Entry:    e.entry,
+		Backend:  backendIDDarwinIOKit,
+		StableID: stableID,
+		State:    state,
 	}
 }
 
 func (e *darwinExport) LeaseCheck(ctx context.Context) (bool, string) {
 	if e.stale {
-		return false, deviceStateUnavailable
+		return false, "capture released"
 	}
 	return true, ""
 }
diff --git a/service/usbip/host_linux.go b/service/usbip/host_linux.go
index 3e2dbbfa6..20080454e 100644
--- a/service/usbip/host_linux.go
+++ b/service/usbip/host_linux.go
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ func nextUEventListenerBackoff(current time.Duration) time.Duration {
 	return next
 }
 
-func (h *linuxExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid string) bool) (map[string]Export, []string, bool, error) {
+func (h *linuxExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid string) bool) (map[string]Export, []string, error) {
 	devices, err := h.ops.listUSBDevices()
 	if err != nil {
-		return h.snapshotSelf(), nil, false, E.Cause(err, "enumerate usb devices")
+		return h.snapshotSelf(), nil, E.Cause(err, "enumerate usb devices")
 	}
 	desired := make(map[string]sysfsDevice)
 	present := make(map[string]struct{}, len(devices))
@@ -165,19 +165,17 @@ func (h *linuxExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid strin
 	}
 	h.access.Unlock()
 
-	changed := false
 	for busid, device := range desired {
 		if _, ok := current[busid]; ok {
 			continue
 		}
 		exp, bindErr := h.bindOne(&device)
 		if bindErr != nil {
-			return h.snapshotSelf(), nil, changed, E.Cause(bindErr, "bind ", busid)
+			return h.snapshotSelf(), nil, E.Cause(bindErr, "bind ", busid)
 		}
 		h.access.Lock()
 		h.exports[busid] = exp
 		h.access.Unlock()
-		changed = true
 	}
 
 	var released []string
@@ -194,10 +192,9 @@ func (h *linuxExportHost) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, isBusy func(busid strin
 		delete(h.exports, busid)
 		h.access.Unlock()
 		released = append(released, busid)
-		changed = true
 	}
 
-	return h.snapshotSelf(), released, changed, nil
+	return h.snapshotSelf(), released, nil
 }
 
 func (h *linuxExportHost) FinishImport(ctx context.Context, busid string) (bool, error) {
@@ -466,7 +463,7 @@ func (h *linuxImportHost) attachOnce(ctx context.Context, info DeviceInfoTruncat
 		}
 		err = h.ops.vhciAttach(port, handoff.kernelFD(), info.DevID(), info.Speed)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.trackPort(port, false)
+			h.releasePort(port)
 			if errors.Is(err, unix.EBUSY) {
 				triedPorts[port] = struct{}{}
 				continue
@@ -493,16 +490,11 @@ func (h *linuxImportHost) reservePort(port int) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-func (h *linuxImportHost) trackPort(port int, add bool) {
+func (h *linuxImportHost) releasePort(port int) {
 	h.portsAccess.Lock()
 	defer h.portsAccess.Unlock()
-	if add {
-		h.logger.Debug("reserve vhci port ", port)
-		h.ports[port] = struct{}{}
-	} else {
-		h.logger.Debug("release vhci port ", port)
-		delete(h.ports, port)
-	}
+	h.logger.Debug("release vhci port ", port)
+	delete(h.ports, port)
 }
 
 // linuxClientSession wraps kernelHandoffSession with vhci-port cleanup
@@ -528,7 +520,7 @@ func (s *linuxClientSession) Close() error {
 	s.closeOnce.Do(func() {
 		detachErr := s.host.ops.vhciDetach(s.port)
 		closeErr := s.handoff.Close()
-		s.host.trackPort(s.port, false)
+		s.host.releasePort(s.port)
 		s.closeErr = E.Errors(detachErr, closeErr)
 	})
 	return s.closeErr
diff --git a/service/usbip/linux_test.go b/service/usbip/linux_test.go
index 5176484cf..b540d14ea 100644
--- a/service/usbip/linux_test.go
+++ b/service/usbip/linux_test.go
@@ -1000,9 +1000,8 @@ func TestServerReconcileExportsBindsMatchesAndSkipsHub(t *testing.T) {
 
 	host := newTestLinuxExportHost(t, []option.USBIPDeviceMatch{{VendorID: 0x1d6b, ProductID: 0x0002}}, ops)
 
-	_, _, changed, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(string) bool { return false })
+	_, _, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(string) bool { return false })
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, changed)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{
 		"unbind 1-1 usbhid",
 		"match 1-1 add",
@@ -1106,9 +1105,8 @@ func TestServerReconcileExportsSkipsVHCIDevices(t *testing.T) {
 
 	host := newTestLinuxExportHost(t, []option.USBIPDeviceMatch{{VendorID: 0x1d6b, ProductID: 0x0002}}, ops)
 
-	_, _, changed, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(string) bool { return false })
+	_, _, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(string) bool { return false })
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, changed)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{
 		"unbind 1-1 usb",
 		"match 1-1",
@@ -1155,9 +1153,8 @@ func TestServerReconcileExportsReleasesRemovedExports(t *testing.T) {
 	host := newTestLinuxExportHost(t, nil, ops)
 	setLinuxExport(host, &linuxExport{busid: "1-1", managed: true, originalDriver: "usbhid", ops: ops, logger: host.logger})
 
-	_, _, changed, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(string) bool { return false })
+	_, _, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(string) bool { return false })
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, changed)
 	require.Empty(t, linuxExportSnapshot(host))
 	require.Equal(t, []string{
 		"sockfd 1-1",
diff --git a/service/usbip/server.go b/service/usbip/server.go
index 00b88a70e..cae436644 100644
--- a/service/usbip/server.go
+++ b/service/usbip/server.go
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (s *ServerService) reconcileAndBroadcast(notify bool) error {
 	if s.ctx != nil && s.ctx.Err() != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	snapshot, released, _, err := s.host.Reconcile(s.ctx, s.ledger.IsBusy)
+	snapshot, released, err := s.host.Reconcile(s.ctx, s.ledger.IsBusy)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/service/usbip/server_darwin.go b/service/usbip/server_darwin.go
index 02f24a4c4..92e8d6d9a 100644
--- a/service/usbip/server_darwin.go
+++ b/service/usbip/server_darwin.go
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func (s *darwinServerDataSession) handleSubmit(command SubmitCommand) SubmitResp
 		},
 		StartFrame:      command.StartFrame,
 		NumberOfPackets: command.NumberOfPackets,
-		IsoPackets:      cloneIsoPackets(command.IsoPackets),
+		IsoPackets:      slices.Clone(command.IsoPackets),
 	}
 	buffer := command.Buffer
 	if command.Header.Direction == USBIPDirIn && command.TransferBufferLength > 0 {
@@ -300,12 +300,3 @@ func commandEndpoint(command SubmitCommand) uint8 {
 	}
 	return endpoint
 }
-
-func cloneIsoPackets(in []IsoPacketDescriptor) []IsoPacketDescriptor {
-	if len(in) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := make([]IsoPacketDescriptor, len(in))
-	copy(out, in)
-	return out
-}
diff --git a/service/usbip/server_darwin_test.go b/service/usbip/server_darwin_test.go
index 72826bfb3..ddd74c2ba 100644
--- a/service/usbip/server_darwin_test.go
+++ b/service/usbip/server_darwin_test.go
@@ -188,9 +188,8 @@ func TestDarwinExportHostEventTriggersReconcile(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for Events channel signal")
 	}
 
-	snapshot, released, changed, err := host.Reconcile(ctx, func(string) bool { return false })
+	snapshot, released, err := host.Reconcile(ctx, func(string) bool { return false })
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, changed)
 	require.Empty(t, released)
 	require.Contains(t, snapshot, busid)
 }
@@ -244,11 +243,10 @@ func TestDarwinExportHostReconcileMarksBusyMissingExportStale(t *testing.T) {
 		entry:      entry,
 	}
 
-	snapshot, released, changed, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(b string) bool {
+	snapshot, released, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(b string) bool {
 		return b == busid
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, changed)
 	require.Empty(t, released)
 	require.NotContains(t, snapshot, busid)
 
@@ -291,11 +289,10 @@ func TestDarwinExportHostReconcileCapturesReplacementAfterStaleRelease(t *testin
 		entry:      oldEntry,
 	}
 
-	snapshot, released, changed, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(b string) bool {
+	snapshot, released, err := host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(b string) bool {
 		return b == busid
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, changed)
 	require.Empty(t, released)
 	require.NotContains(t, snapshot, busid)
 	require.True(t, host.exports[busid].stale)
@@ -305,9 +302,8 @@ func TestDarwinExportHostReconcileCapturesReplacementAfterStaleRelease(t *testin
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.True(t, releasedFinish)
 
-	snapshot, released, changed, err = host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(string) bool { return false })
+	snapshot, released, err = host.Reconcile(context.Background(), func(string) bool { return false })
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, changed)
 	require.Empty(t, released)
 	require.Contains(t, snapshot, busid)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, opened)