diff --git a/client/lib/state/auth_provider.dart b/client/lib/state/auth_provider.dart
index 7886385..6e04e4b 100644
--- a/client/lib/state/auth_provider.dart
+++ b/client/lib/state/auth_provider.dart
@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@ class AuthNotifier extends StateNotifier<AuthState> {
   final TokenStore _store;
   final AuthApi _api;
 
+  /// 进行中的刷新(single-flight)。refresh token 是「单次使用 + 轮换」的——
+  /// 服务端每次刷新会作废旧 JTI、发新的。冷启动/进页面会并发打多个接口,过期后
+  /// 会同时多次 401 → 各自拿同一个旧 refresh token 去刷新:第一个成功轮换,其余
+  /// 拿已作废的 JTI 必被拒 → 误触发 logout 把用户踢下线。用一个共享的 in-flight
+  /// future 合并并发刷新,旧 token 只被消费一次。
+  Future<bool>? _refreshInFlight;
+
   Future<void> _loadFromStore() async {
     try {
       final token = await _store.loadAccessToken();
@@ -54,7 +61,13 @@ class AuthNotifier extends StateNotifier<AuthState> {
 
   /// 用存储的 refresh token 刷新令牌(供 ApiClient 在 401 时调用)。
   /// 成功写入新令牌并更新状态返回 true;无 refresh token / 刷新失败返回 false。
-  Future<bool> refresh() async {
+  /// single-flight:并发调用共用同一次刷新,避免单次使用的 refresh token 被多个
+  /// 并发 401 重复消费 → 误判失效把用户踢下线。
+  Future<bool> refresh() {
+    return _refreshInFlight ??= _doRefresh().whenComplete(() => _refreshInFlight = null);
+  }
+
+  Future<bool> _doRefresh() async {
     final rt = await _store.loadRefreshToken();
     if (rt == null || rt.isEmpty) return false;
     try {
diff --git a/client/test/unit/auth_refresh_singleflight_test.dart b/client/test/unit/auth_refresh_singleflight_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94ea566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/test/unit/auth_refresh_singleflight_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// auth_refresh_singleflight_test.dart — refresh token 是「单次使用 + 轮换」,
+// 并发 401 必须合并为一次刷新,否则旧 JTI 被多次消费 → 误判失效把用户踢下线
+// (跨平台「放久了/更新后要重新登录」的根因)。
+import 'dart:convert';
+
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
+import 'package:http/testing.dart';
+import 'package:pangolin_vpn/services/auth_api.dart';
+import 'package:pangolin_vpn/services/token_store.dart';
+import 'package:pangolin_vpn/state/auth_provider.dart';
+
+class _MemStore implements TokenStore {
+  _MemStore({this.access, this.refresh});
+  String? access;
+  String? refresh;
+  bool cleared = false;
+  @override
+  Future<String?> loadAccessToken() async => access;
+  @override
+  Future<String?> loadRefreshToken() async => refresh;
+  @override
+  Future<void> saveTokens({required String access, required String refresh}) async {
+    this.access = access;
+    this.refresh = refresh;
+  }
+  @override
+  Future<void> clear() async {
+    cleared = true;
+    access = null;
+    refresh = null;
+  }
+  @override
+  Future<void> markOnboarded() async {}
+  @override
+  Future<bool> isOnboarded() async => true;
+  @override
+  Future<void> saveLastEmail(String email) async {}
+  @override
+  Future<String?> loadLastEmail() async => null;
+}
+
+void main() {
+  test('并发刷新 single-flight:多个并发 refresh 只消费一次 refresh token', () async {
+    var hits = 0;
+    final client = MockClient((req) async {
+      if (req.url.path == '/v1/auth/refresh') {
+        hits++;
+        final body = jsonDecode(req.body) as Map<String, dynamic>;
+        // 模拟服务端单次使用:旧 JTI 一旦被轮换,再用就 401。
+        if (body['refresh_token'] != 'rt-1') {
+          return http.Response('{"error":"invalid_token"}', 401,
+              headers: {'content-type': 'application/json'});
+        }
+        return http.Response('{"access_token":"at-2","refresh_token":"rt-2"}', 200,
+            headers: {'content-type': 'application/json'});
+      }
+      return http.Response('not found', 404);
+    });
+
+    final store = _MemStore(access: 'at-1', refresh: 'rt-1');
+    final n = AuthNotifier(store, api: AuthApi(baseUrl: 'http://test.local', client: client));
+    await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero); // 等构造里的 _loadFromStore
+
+    final results = await Future.wait([
+      n.refresh(), n.refresh(), n.refresh(), n.refresh(), n.refresh(),
+    ]);
+
+    expect(hits, 1, reason: '并发刷新应只打一次 /v1/auth/refresh,旧 token 只消费一次');
+    expect(results.every((r) => r), isTrue, reason: '所有并发调用都应拿到同一次成功刷新');
+    expect(store.refresh, 'rt-2', reason: '应轮换到新 refresh token');
+    expect(store.cleared, isFalse, reason: '不应误触发 logout');
+    expect(n.state.accessToken, 'at-2');
+  });
+
+  test('刷新后可再次刷新(in-flight 完成后释放)', () async {
+    var current = 'rt-1';
+    final client = MockClient((req) async {
+      final body = jsonDecode(req.body) as Map<String, dynamic>;
+      if (body['refresh_token'] != current) {
+        return http.Response('{"error":"invalid_token"}', 401,
+            headers: {'content-type': 'application/json'});
+      }
+      final next = current == 'rt-1' ? 'rt-2' : 'rt-3';
+      current = next;
+      return http.Response('{"access_token":"at-$next","refresh_token":"$next"}', 200,
+          headers: {'content-type': 'application/json'});
+    });
+    final store = _MemStore(access: 'at-1', refresh: 'rt-1');
+    final n = AuthNotifier(store, api: AuthApi(baseUrl: 'http://test.local', client: client));
+    await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+
+    expect(await n.refresh(), isTrue);
+    expect(store.refresh, 'rt-2');
+    expect(await n.refresh(), isTrue); // in-flight 已释放,用新 token 再刷
+    expect(store.refresh, 'rt-3');
+  });
+}