diff --git a/client/lib/core/api/api_client.dart b/client/lib/core/api/api_client.dart
index 53a1317..9d43190 100644
--- a/client/lib/core/api/api_client.dart
+++ b/client/lib/core/api/api_client.dart
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import '../../providers/connectivity_provider.dart';
 /// Public Dio instance for unauthenticated calls (login / refresh)
 final _publicDio = Dio(BaseOptions(
   baseUrl: AppConfig.apiBaseUrl,
-  connectTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 10),
-  receiveTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 30),
+  connectTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 5),
+  receiveTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 15),
   headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
 ));
 
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ class ApiClient {
   }) {
     _dio = Dio(BaseOptions(
       baseUrl: AppConfig.apiBaseUrl,
-      connectTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 10),
-      receiveTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 30),
+      connectTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 5),
+      receiveTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 15),
       headers: {
         'Content-Type': 'application/json',
         if (token != null) 'Authorization': 'Bearer $token',
diff --git a/client/lib/main.dart b/client/lib/main.dart
index f2b9ca0..4c7ce69 100644
--- a/client/lib/main.dart
+++ b/client/lib/main.dart
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
 import 'core/auth/auth_state.dart';
 import 'core/router/app_router.dart';
 import 'core/theme/app_theme.dart';
+import 'providers/connectivity_provider.dart';
 
 void main() {
   FlutterError.onError = (details) {
@@ -57,6 +58,8 @@ class _AppBootstrapState extends ConsumerState<_AppBootstrap> {
 
   Future<void> _init() async {
     await ref.read(authStateProvider.notifier).restore();
+    // 启动时立即做一次连通性检测，确保 connectivityProvider 状态在路由跳转前已就绪
+    await ref.read(connectivityProvider.notifier).forceCheck();
     if (mounted) setState(() => _ready = true);
   }
 
diff --git a/client/lib/providers/connectivity_provider.dart b/client/lib/providers/connectivity_provider.dart
index dc739bc..e4dfa1c 100644
--- a/client/lib/providers/connectivity_provider.dart
+++ b/client/lib/providers/connectivity_provider.dart
@@ -3,34 +3,67 @@ import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
 import '../core/config/app_config.dart';
 
+/// 每次从离线恢复到在线时自增。
+/// 数据 provider 通过 watch 此值实现网络恢复后自动刷新。
+final networkRecoveryCountProvider = StateProvider<int>((ref) => 0);
+
 final connectivityProvider =
     StateNotifierProvider<ConnectivityNotifier, bool>((ref) {
-  return ConnectivityNotifier();
+  return ConnectivityNotifier(
+    onRecovered: () {
+      ref.read(networkRecoveryCountProvider.notifier).update((s) => s + 1);
+    },
+  );
 });
 
 class ConnectivityNotifier extends StateNotifier<bool> {
-  ConnectivityNotifier() : super(true) {
-    _check(); // immediate first check
-    _timer = Timer.periodic(const Duration(seconds: 30), (_) => _check());
+  final void Function()? onRecovered;
+
+  ConnectivityNotifier({this.onRecovered, bool skipInit = false}) : super(true) {
+    if (!skipInit) {
+      _check();
+      _startOnlineTimer();
+    }
   }
 
   Timer? _timer;
 
-  // Dedicated lightweight Dio — short timeouts, no interceptors
+  // 独立轻量 Dio：短超时，无拦截器
   final _dio = Dio(BaseOptions(
     connectTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 3),
     receiveTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 3),
   ));
 
-  /// 立即触发一次检测（供外部调用，如 API 请求失败时）
+  /// 在线时：每 30 秒检测一次
+  void _startOnlineTimer() {
+    _timer?.cancel();
+    _timer = Timer.periodic(const Duration(seconds: 30), (_) => _check());
+  }
+
+  /// 离线时：每 1 分钟嗅探一次，降低频率节省资源
+  void _startOfflineTimer() {
+    _timer?.cancel();
+    _timer = Timer.periodic(const Duration(minutes: 1), (_) => _check());
+  }
+
+  /// 立即触发一次检测（供外部调用，如 API 请求失败 / 启动时）
   Future<void> forceCheck() => _check();
 
   Future<void> _check() async {
     try {
       await _dio.get(AppConfig.healthUrl);
-      if (!state) state = true;
+      if (!state) {
+        // 离线 → 在线：切回高频检测，广播恢复事件
+        state = true;
+        onRecovered?.call();
+        _startOnlineTimer();
+      }
     } catch (_) {
-      if (state) state = false;
+      if (state) {
+        // 在线 → 离线：切换为低频嗅探
+        state = false;
+        _startOfflineTimer();
+      }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/client/lib/providers/inventory_provider.dart b/client/lib/providers/inventory_provider.dart
index 1c23513..4cad29e 100644
--- a/client/lib/providers/inventory_provider.dart
+++ b/client/lib/providers/inventory_provider.dart
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import '../core/auth/auth_state.dart';
 import '../core/models/page_result.dart';
 import '../models/inventory.dart';
 import '../repositories/inventory_repository.dart';
+import 'connectivity_provider.dart';
 
 final inventoryRepositoryProvider = Provider<InventoryRepository>((ref) {
   return InventoryRepository(ref.watch(apiClientProvider));
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ class InventoryListNotifier extends AsyncNotifier<PageResult<Inventory>> {
   @override
   Future<PageResult<Inventory>> build() async {
     ref.watch(authStateProvider.select((s) => s.user?.shopId));
+    ref.watch(networkRecoveryCountProvider); // 网络恢复时自动刷新
     try {
       final result = await _fetch();
       _cache = result;
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ class InventoryLogNotifier extends AsyncNotifier<PageResult<InventoryLog>> {
   @override
   Future<PageResult<InventoryLog>> build() async {
     ref.watch(authStateProvider.select((s) => s.user?.shopId));
+    ref.watch(networkRecoveryCountProvider);
     try {
       final result = await _fetch();
       _cache = result;
diff --git a/client/lib/providers/partner_provider.dart b/client/lib/providers/partner_provider.dart
index 890a0b1..deae414 100644
--- a/client/lib/providers/partner_provider.dart
+++ b/client/lib/providers/partner_provider.dart
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import '../core/auth/auth_state.dart';
 import '../core/models/page_result.dart';
 import '../models/partner.dart';
 import '../repositories/partner_repository.dart';
+import 'connectivity_provider.dart';
 
 final partnerRepositoryProvider = Provider<PartnerRepository>((ref) {
   return PartnerRepository(ref.watch(apiClientProvider));
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ class PartnerListNotifier extends AsyncNotifier<PageResult<Partner>> {
   @override
   Future<PageResult<Partner>> build() async {
     ref.watch(authStateProvider.select((s) => s.user?.shopId));
+    ref.watch(networkRecoveryCountProvider);
     try {
       final result = await _fetch();
       _cache = result;
diff --git a/client/lib/providers/product_provider.dart b/client/lib/providers/product_provider.dart
index 856c395..c37498c 100644
--- a/client/lib/providers/product_provider.dart
+++ b/client/lib/providers/product_provider.dart
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import '../core/auth/auth_state.dart';
 import '../core/models/page_result.dart';
 import '../models/product.dart';
 import '../repositories/product_repository.dart';
+import 'connectivity_provider.dart';
 
 final productRepositoryProvider = Provider<ProductRepository>((ref) {
   return ProductRepository(ref.watch(apiClientProvider));
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ class ProductListNotifier extends AsyncNotifier<PageResult<Product>> {
   @override
   Future<PageResult<Product>> build() async {
     ref.watch(authStateProvider.select((s) => s.user?.shopId));
+    ref.watch(networkRecoveryCountProvider);
     try {
       final result = await _fetch();
       _cache = result;
diff --git a/client/lib/providers/stock_in_provider.dart b/client/lib/providers/stock_in_provider.dart
index 455467a..9c3dafc 100644
--- a/client/lib/providers/stock_in_provider.dart
+++ b/client/lib/providers/stock_in_provider.dart
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import '../core/auth/auth_state.dart';
 import '../core/models/page_result.dart';
 import '../models/stock_in.dart';
 import '../repositories/stock_in_repository.dart';
+import 'connectivity_provider.dart';
 import 'inventory_provider.dart';
 
 final stockInRepositoryProvider = Provider<StockInRepository>((ref) {
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ class StockInListNotifier extends AsyncNotifier<PageResult<StockInOrder>> {
   @override
   Future<PageResult<StockInOrder>> build() async {
     ref.watch(authStateProvider.select((s) => s.user?.shopId));
+    ref.watch(networkRecoveryCountProvider);
     try {
       final result = await _fetch();
       _cache = result;
diff --git a/client/lib/providers/stock_out_provider.dart b/client/lib/providers/stock_out_provider.dart
index 5a091d0..e5d0716 100644
--- a/client/lib/providers/stock_out_provider.dart
+++ b/client/lib/providers/stock_out_provider.dart
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import '../core/auth/auth_state.dart';
 import '../core/models/page_result.dart';
 import '../models/stock_out.dart';
 import '../repositories/stock_out_repository.dart';
+import 'connectivity_provider.dart';
 import 'inventory_provider.dart';
 
 final stockOutRepositoryProvider = Provider<StockOutRepository>((ref) {
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ class StockOutListNotifier extends AsyncNotifier<PageResult<StockOutOrder>> {
   @override
   Future<PageResult<StockOutOrder>> build() async {
     ref.watch(authStateProvider.select((s) => s.user?.shopId));
+    ref.watch(networkRecoveryCountProvider);
     try {
       final result = await _fetch();
       _cache = result;
diff --git a/client/lib/repositories/auth_repository.dart b/client/lib/repositories/auth_repository.dart
index 9474e7a..6e9adbb 100644
--- a/client/lib/repositories/auth_repository.dart
+++ b/client/lib/repositories/auth_repository.dart
@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
 import '../core/api/api_client.dart';
 import '../core/auth/auth_state.dart';
 
+typedef AuthLoginFn = Future<AuthUser> Function({
+  required String shopCode,
+  required String username,
+  required String password,
+});
+
 class AuthException implements Exception {
   final String message;
   const AuthException(this.message);
@@ -10,6 +17,9 @@ class AuthException implements Exception {
 }
 
 class AuthRepository {
+  @visibleForTesting
+  static AuthLoginFn? loginOverride;
+
   /// POST /api/v1/auth/login
   /// Request:  { shop_code, username, password }
   /// Response: { data: { access_token, refresh_token, expires_in, user: { id, username, real_name, role } } }
@@ -18,6 +28,14 @@ class AuthRepository {
     required String username,
     required String password,
   }) async {
+    final override = loginOverride;
+    if (override != null) {
+      return override(
+        shopCode: shopCode,
+        username: username,
+        password: password,
+      );
+    }
     try {
       final resp = await PublicApiClient.post('/auth/login', data: {
         'shop_code': shopCode,
diff --git a/client/lib/screens/auth/login_screen.dart b/client/lib/screens/auth/login_screen.dart
index b7bc608..bfa4888 100644
--- a/client/lib/screens/auth/login_screen.dart
+++ b/client/lib/screens/auth/login_screen.dart
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
 import '../../core/auth/auth_state.dart';
 import '../../core/theme/app_theme.dart';
 import '../../core/storage/login_history.dart';
+import '../../providers/connectivity_provider.dart';
 import '../../repositories/auth_repository.dart';
 
 class LoginScreen extends ConsumerStatefulWidget {
@@ -195,6 +196,14 @@ class _LoginScreenState extends ConsumerState<LoginScreen> {
 
   Future<void> _login() async {
     if (!_formKey.currentState!.validate()) return;
+
+    // 登录前先检查连通性
+    final isOnline = ref.read(connectivityProvider);
+    if (!isOnline) {
+      setState(() => _errorMessage = '服务器不可达，请检查网络连接后重试');
+      return;
+    }
+
     setState(() {
       _loading = true;
       _errorMessage = null;
@@ -382,6 +391,38 @@ class _LoginScreenState extends ConsumerState<LoginScreen> {
                               onFieldSubmitted: (_) => _login(),
                             ),
 
+                            // 离线提示（connectivityProvider 在 _AppBootstrap 中已预热）
+                            if (!ref.watch(connectivityProvider)) ...[
+                              const SizedBox(height: 12),
+                              Container(
+                                width: double.infinity,
+                                padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(
+                                    horizontal: 12, vertical: 10),
+                                decoration: BoxDecoration(
+                                  color: const Color(0xFFFFF8E1),
+                                  borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
+                                  border: Border.all(
+                                      color: const Color(0xFFF57F17)
+                                          .withAlpha(120)),
+                                ),
+                                child: const Row(
+                                  children: [
+                                    Icon(Icons.wifi_off,
+                                        color: Color(0xFFF57F17), size: 16),
+                                    SizedBox(width: 8),
+                                    Expanded(
+                                      child: Text(
+                                        '服务器不可达，请检查网络连接',
+                                        style: TextStyle(
+                                            color: Color(0xFF5D4037),
+                                            fontSize: 13),
+                                      ),
+                                    ),
+                                  ],
+                                ),
+                              ),
+                            ],
+
                             // Inline error
                             if (_errorMessage != null) ...[
                               const SizedBox(height: 12),
diff --git a/client/lib/screens/finance/finance_screen.dart b/client/lib/screens/finance/finance_screen.dart
index c57cf05..6b1bb57 100644
--- a/client/lib/screens/finance/finance_screen.dart
+++ b/client/lib/screens/finance/finance_screen.dart
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import '../../providers/finance_provider.dart';
 import '../../widgets/data_table_card.dart';
 import '../../widgets/multi_select_dropdown.dart' show ColDef, ColumnToggleButton, FilterableColumnHeader;
 import '../../widgets/page_scaffold.dart';
+import '../../providers/connectivity_provider.dart';
 
 class FinanceScreen extends ConsumerWidget {
   const FinanceScreen({super.key});
@@ -101,6 +102,9 @@ class _FinanceTabState extends ConsumerState<_FinanceTab> {
 
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    // 网络恢复时自动刷新
+    ref.listen(networkRecoveryCountProvider, (_, __) => _refetch());
+
     return FutureBuilder<List<FinanceRecord>>(
       future: _future,
       builder: (context, snap) {
diff --git a/client/lib/screens/inventory/batch_tracking_screen.dart b/client/lib/screens/inventory/batch_tracking_screen.dart
index 483df92..b9eabb7 100644
--- a/client/lib/screens/inventory/batch_tracking_screen.dart
+++ b/client/lib/screens/inventory/batch_tracking_screen.dart
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import '../../models/inventory.dart';
 import '../../providers/inventory_provider.dart';
 import '../../widgets/data_table_card.dart';
 import '../../widgets/multi_select_dropdown.dart' show ColDef, ColumnToggleButton, FilterableColumnHeader;
+import '../../providers/connectivity_provider.dart';
 
 class BatchTrackingScreen extends ConsumerStatefulWidget {
   const BatchTrackingScreen({super.key});
@@ -77,6 +78,9 @@ class _BatchTrackingScreenState extends ConsumerState<BatchTrackingScreen> {
 
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    // 网络恢复时自动刷新
+    ref.listen(networkRecoveryCountProvider, (_, __) => _refetch());
+
     return FutureBuilder<List<ProductTrackingRecord>>(
       future: _future,
       builder: (context, snap) {
diff --git a/client/lib/screens/shell/app_shell.dart b/client/lib/screens/shell/app_shell.dart
index c4f5e11..a88d2c8 100644
--- a/client/lib/screens/shell/app_shell.dart
+++ b/client/lib/screens/shell/app_shell.dart
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ class _AppShellState extends ConsumerState<AppShell> {
                                   size: 16, color: Colors.white),
                               SizedBox(width: 8),
                               Text(
-                                '网络连接已断开 · 当前处于只读模式，所有写操作已禁用',
+                                '网络连接已断开 · 当前显示离线缓存数据，恢复后将自动刷新',
                                 style: TextStyle(
                                     color: Colors.white,
                                     fontSize: 13,
diff --git a/client/test/inventory_repository_test.dart b/client/test/inventory_repository_test.dart
index bdc15b4..3a032d1 100644
--- a/client/test/inventory_repository_test.dart
+++ b/client/test/inventory_repository_test.dart
@@ -49,14 +49,16 @@ void main() {
           'data': [
             {
               'warehouse_id': 1,
-              'warehouse_name': '主仓库',
               'product_id': 1,
-              'product_name': '五粮液',
-              'product_code': 'P001',
-              'product_spec': '500ml',
-              'product_unit': '瓶',
-              'product_brand': '五粮液集团',
-              'min_stock': 10,
+              'warehouse': {'name': '主仓库'},
+              'product': {
+                'name': '五粮液',
+                'code': 'P001',
+                'spec': '500ml',
+                'unit': '瓶',
+                'brand': '五粮液集团',
+                'min_stock': 10,
+              },
               'quantity': 50.0,
             }
           ],
@@ -171,9 +173,9 @@ void main() {
           'data': [
             {
               'warehouse_id': 1,
-              'warehouse_name': '主仓库',
               'product_id': 1,
-              'product_name': '五粮液',
+              'warehouse': {'name': '主仓库'},
+              'product': {'name': '五粮液'},
               'direction': 'in',
               'quantity': 20.0,
               'qty_before': 30.0,
diff --git a/client/test/login_flow_test.dart b/client/test/login_flow_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1263de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/test/login_flow_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/core/auth/auth_state.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/connectivity_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/repositories/auth_repository.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/screens/auth/login_screen.dart';
+import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
+
+Widget _buildApp() {
+  final router = GoRouter(
+    initialLocation: '/login',
+    routes: [
+      GoRoute(
+        path: '/login',
+        builder: (_, __) => const LoginScreen(),
+      ),
+      GoRoute(
+        path: '/stock-in',
+        builder: (_, __) => const Scaffold(body: Text('stock-in home')),
+      ),
+    ],
+  );
+
+  return ProviderScope(
+    overrides: [
+      connectivityProvider.overrideWith(
+        (_) => ConnectivityNotifier(skipInit: true),
+      ),
+    ],
+    child: MaterialApp.router(routerConfig: router),
+  );
+}
+
+void main() {
+  setUp(() {
+    SharedPreferences.setMockInitialValues({});
+    AuthRepository.loginOverride = null;
+  });
+
+  tearDown(() {
+    AuthRepository.loginOverride = null;
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('login success navigates to stock-in home', (tester) async {
+    tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1280, 800);
+    tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1.0;
+    addTearDown(tester.view.resetPhysicalSize);
+
+    AuthRepository.loginOverride = ({
+      required String shopCode,
+      required String username,
+      required String password,
+    }) async {
+      expect(shopCode, 'S001');
+      expect(username, 'admin');
+      expect(password, 'password123');
+      return const AuthUser(
+        accessToken: 'access-token',
+        refreshToken: 'refresh-token',
+        username: 'admin',
+        realName: '管理员',
+        shopNo: 'S001',
+        shopId: 1,
+      );
+    };
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(_buildApp());
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.enterText(
+      find.widgetWithText(TextFormField, '请输入门店编号'),
+      'S001',
+    );
+    await tester.enterText(
+      find.widgetWithText(TextFormField, '请输入用户名'),
+      'admin',
+    );
+    await tester.enterText(
+      find.widgetWithText(TextFormField, '请输入密码'),
+      'password123',
+    );
+
+    await tester.tap(find.text('登  录'));
+    await tester.pump();
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.text('stock-in home'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/client/test/login_screen_test.dart b/client/test/login_screen_test.dart
index bd18897..64f3734 100644
--- a/client/test/login_screen_test.dart
+++ b/client/test/login_screen_test.dart
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/connectivity_provider.dart';
 import 'package:jiu_client/screens/auth/login_screen.dart';
+import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
 
 /// Wrap the screen in the minimum required providers.
 Widget _buildTestApp() {
@@ -21,11 +23,21 @@ Widget _buildTestApp() {
   );
 
   return ProviderScope(
+    overrides: [
+      // skipInit=true：避免测试环境中发起真实 HTTP 请求导致 pending timer
+      connectivityProvider.overrideWith(
+        (_) => ConnectivityNotifier(skipInit: true),
+      ),
+    ],
     child: MaterialApp.router(routerConfig: router),
   );
 }
 
 void main() {
+  setUp(() {
+    SharedPreferences.setMockInitialValues({});
+  });
+
   group('LoginScreen UI', () {
     testWidgets('renders all three input fields and login button',
         (tester) async {
@@ -99,5 +111,30 @@ void main() {
       final btn = tester.widget<ElevatedButton>(find.byType(ElevatedButton));
       expect(btn.onPressed, isNotNull);
     });
+
+    testWidgets('selecting history item fills shop code input', (tester) async {
+      SharedPreferences.setMockInitialValues({
+        'login_history_hotels': ['S001', 'H001'],
+      });
+
+      tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1280, 800);
+      tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1.0;
+      addTearDown(tester.view.resetPhysicalSize);
+
+      await tester.pumpWidget(_buildTestApp());
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+      await tester.tap(find.widgetWithText(TextFormField, '请输入门店编号'));
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+      expect(find.text('S001'), findsOneWidget);
+      await tester.tap(find.text('S001').last);
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+      final field = tester.widget<TextFormField>(
+        find.byType(TextFormField).first,
+      );
+      expect(field.controller!.text, 'S001');
+    });
   });
 }
diff --git a/client/test/partners_screen_test.dart b/client/test/partners_screen_test.dart
index 76d6c17..f8677e4 100644
--- a/client/test/partners_screen_test.dart
+++ b/client/test/partners_screen_test.dart
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ void main() {
       );
       await tester.pump();
 
-      expect(find.textContaining('加载失败'), findsOneWidget);
+      expect(find.text('暂无数据，网络不可用'), findsOneWidget);
       expect(find.text('重试'), findsOneWidget);
     });
 
diff --git a/client/test/products_load_flow_test.dart b/client/test/products_load_flow_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c40b6b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/test/products_load_flow_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/core/models/page_result.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/product.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/product_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/screens/products/products_screen.dart';
+
+class _DelayedProductNotifier extends ProductListNotifier {
+  final Completer<PageResult<Product>> completer;
+
+  _DelayedProductNotifier(this.completer);
+
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<Product>> build() => completer.future;
+
+  @override
+  void reload() {}
+
+  @override
+  void setKeyword(String keyword) {}
+
+  @override
+  void setPage(int page) {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> createProduct(Map<String, dynamic> data) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> updateProduct(int id, Map<String, dynamic> data) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> deleteProduct(int id) async {}
+}
+
+void main() {
+  testWidgets('products screen auto loads and renders product list',
+      (tester) async {
+    tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1280, 800);
+    tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1.0;
+    addTearDown(tester.view.resetPhysicalSize);
+
+    final completer = Completer<PageResult<Product>>();
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ProviderScope(
+        overrides: [
+          productListProvider.overrideWith(
+            () => _DelayedProductNotifier(completer),
+          ),
+        ],
+        child: const MaterialApp(
+          home: Scaffold(body: ProductsScreen()),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+
+    await tester.pump();
+    expect(find.byType(CircularProgressIndicator), findsOneWidget);
+
+    completer.complete(
+      const PageResult<Product>(
+        data: [
+          Product(id: 1, code: 'P001', name: '五粮液', unit: '瓶'),
+          Product(id: 2, code: 'P002', name: '茅台', unit: '瓶'),
+        ],
+        total: 2,
+        page: 1,
+        pageSize: 20,
+      ),
+    );
+
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.text('五粮液'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('茅台'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('P001'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('P002'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/client/test/products_screen_test.dart b/client/test/products_screen_test.dart
index 8568418..0d9ed7e 100644
--- a/client/test/products_screen_test.dart
+++ b/client/test/products_screen_test.dart
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ void main() {
     );
     await tester.pump();
 
-    expect(find.textContaining('加载失败'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('暂无数据，网络不可用'), findsOneWidget);
     expect(find.text('重试'), findsOneWidget);
   });
 
diff --git a/client/test/readonly_write_forbidden_test.dart b/client/test/readonly_write_forbidden_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b50c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/test/readonly_write_forbidden_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/core/exceptions.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/core/models/page_result.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/product.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/product_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/screens/products/products_screen.dart';
+
+class _ReadonlyProductNotifier extends ProductListNotifier {
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<Product>> build() async {
+    return const PageResult(data: [], total: 0, page: 1, pageSize: 20);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void reload() {}
+
+  @override
+  void setKeyword(String keyword) {}
+
+  @override
+  void setPage(int page) {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> createProduct(Map<String, dynamic> data) async {
+    throw const AppException('readonly user', statusCode: 403);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> updateProduct(int id, Map<String, dynamic> data) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> deleteProduct(int id) async {}
+}
+
+void main() {
+  testWidgets('write operation shows forbidden error for readonly user',
+      (tester) async {
+    tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1280, 800);
+    tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1.0;
+    addTearDown(tester.view.resetPhysicalSize);
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ProviderScope(
+        overrides: [
+          productListProvider.overrideWith(() => _ReadonlyProductNotifier()),
+        ],
+        child: const MaterialApp(
+          home: Scaffold(body: ProductsScreen()),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.tap(find.text('新建'));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextFormField).at(0), '测试商品');
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextFormField).at(1), 'P999');
+
+    await tester.tap(find.text('保存'));
+    await tester.pump();
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.textContaining('保存失败：readonly user'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/client/test/stock_in_create_submit_flow_test.dart b/client/test/stock_in_create_submit_flow_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2e8e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/test/stock_in_create_submit_flow_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/core/models/page_result.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/partner.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/product.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/stock_in.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/warehouse.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/partner_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/product_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/stock_in_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/warehouse_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/screens/stock_in/stock_in_form_screen.dart';
+
+class _FakeWarehouseNotifier extends WarehouseListNotifier {
+  @override
+  Future<List<Warehouse>> build() async {
+    return const [
+      Warehouse(id: 1, name: '主仓库', isDefault: true),
+    ];
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> reload() async {}
+}
+
+class _FakeSupplierNotifier extends PartnerListNotifier {
+  _FakeSupplierNotifier() : super(type: 'supplier');
+
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<Partner>> build() async {
+    return const PageResult(
+      data: [
+        Partner(id: 1, name: '张家酒水', type: 'supplier'),
+      ],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      pageSize: 20,
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void reload() {}
+}
+
+class _FakeProductNotifier extends ProductListNotifier {
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<Product>> build() async {
+    return const PageResult(
+      data: [
+        Product(
+          id: 1,
+          code: 'P001',
+          name: '五粮液',
+          spec: '500ml',
+          unit: '瓶',
+          purchasePrice: 100,
+        ),
+      ],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      pageSize: 20,
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void reload() {}
+
+  @override
+  void setKeyword(String keyword) {}
+
+  @override
+  void setPage(int page) {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> createProduct(Map<String, dynamic> data) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> updateProduct(int id, Map<String, dynamic> data) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> deleteProduct(int id) async {}
+}
+
+class _CapturingStockInNotifier extends StockInListNotifier {
+  Map<String, dynamic>? capturedData;
+
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<StockInOrder>> build() async {
+    return const PageResult(data: [], total: 0, page: 1, pageSize: 20);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void reload() {}
+
+  @override
+  void setPage(int page) {}
+
+  @override
+  void setStatus(String status) {}
+
+  @override
+  void setDateRange(String? startDate, String? endDate) {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> createOrder(Map<String, dynamic> data) async {
+    capturedData = data;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> submitOrder(int id) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> approveOrder(int id) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> rejectOrder(int id) async {}
+}
+
+void main() {
+  testWidgets('stock-in form creates and submits a pending order',
+      (tester) async {
+    tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1440, 1200);
+    tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1.0;
+    addTearDown(tester.view.resetPhysicalSize);
+
+    final stockInNotifier = _CapturingStockInNotifier();
+    final router = GoRouter(
+      initialLocation: '/stock-in/new',
+      routes: [
+        GoRoute(
+          path: '/stock-in',
+          builder: (_, __) => const Scaffold(body: Text('stock-in list')),
+        ),
+        GoRoute(
+          path: '/stock-in/new',
+          builder: (_, __) => const StockInFormScreen(),
+        ),
+      ],
+    );
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ProviderScope(
+        overrides: [
+          warehouseListProvider.overrideWith(() => _FakeWarehouseNotifier()),
+          supplierListProvider.overrideWith(() => _FakeSupplierNotifier()),
+          productListProvider.overrideWith(() => _FakeProductNotifier()),
+          stockInListProvider.overrideWith(() => stockInNotifier),
+        ],
+        child: MaterialApp.router(routerConfig: router),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.tap(find.byType(DropdownButtonFormField<int>).at(0));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+    await tester.tap(find.text('主仓库').last);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.tap(find.byType(DropdownButtonFormField<int>).at(2));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+    await tester.tap(find.text('五粮液（500ml）').last);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextFormField).at(1), '10');
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextFormField).at(2), '100');
+
+    await tester.tap(find.text('提交审核'));
+    await tester.pump();
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.text('stock-in list'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(stockInNotifier.capturedData, isNotNull);
+    expect(stockInNotifier.capturedData!['warehouse_id'], 1);
+    expect(stockInNotifier.capturedData!['status'], 'pending');
+    expect((stockInNotifier.capturedData!['items'] as List).length, 1);
+    expect(
+      (stockInNotifier.capturedData!['items'] as List).first['product_id'],
+      1,
+    );
+  });
+}
diff --git a/client/test/stock_in_screen_test.dart b/client/test/stock_in_screen_test.dart
index 9981068..1dcbd0a 100644
--- a/client/test/stock_in_screen_test.dart
+++ b/client/test/stock_in_screen_test.dart
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ void main() {
       );
       await tester.pump();
 
-      expect(find.textContaining('加载失败'), findsOneWidget);
+      expect(find.text('暂无数据，网络不可用'), findsOneWidget);
       expect(find.text('重试'), findsOneWidget);
     });
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ void main() {
       await tester.pumpWidget(_buildApp(const AsyncValue.data(empty)));
       await tester.pump();
 
-      expect(find.text('新建入库单'), findsOneWidget);
+      expect(find.text('新建入库审核单'), findsOneWidget);
     });
 
     testWidgets('tapping 新建入库单 navigates to new order route', (tester) async {
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ void main() {
       await tester.pumpWidget(_buildApp(const AsyncValue.data(empty)));
       await tester.pump();
 
-      await tester.tap(find.text('新建入库单'));
+      await tester.tap(find.text('新建入库审核单'));
       await tester.pumpAndSettle();
 
       expect(find.text('new order form'), findsOneWidget);
@@ -349,7 +349,9 @@ void main() {
       await tester.pumpWidget(_buildApp(const AsyncValue.data(empty)));
       await tester.pump();
 
-      // The dropdown shows 全部状态 by default
+      await tester.tap(find.text('入库单'));
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
       expect(find.text('全部状态'), findsOneWidget);
     });
 
@@ -365,7 +367,7 @@ void main() {
       await tester.pumpWidget(_buildApp(AsyncValue.data(result)));
       await tester.pump();
 
-      expect(find.textContaining('35'), findsAtLeastNWidgets(1));
+      expect(find.textContaining('共 1 条记录'), findsOneWidget);
     });
   });
 }
diff --git a/client/test/stock_out_insufficient_stock_flow_test.dart b/client/test/stock_out_insufficient_stock_flow_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ece44b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/test/stock_out_insufficient_stock_flow_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/core/api/api_client.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/core/exceptions.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/core/models/page_result.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/inventory.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/partner.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/product.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/stock_out.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/models/warehouse.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/inventory_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/partner_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/product_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/stock_out_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/providers/warehouse_provider.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/repositories/inventory_repository.dart';
+import 'package:jiu_client/screens/stock_out/stock_out_form_screen.dart';
+
+class _FakeWarehouseNotifier extends WarehouseListNotifier {
+  @override
+  Future<List<Warehouse>> build() async {
+    return const [
+      Warehouse(id: 1, name: '主仓库', isDefault: true),
+    ];
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> reload() async {}
+}
+
+class _FakeCustomerNotifier extends PartnerListNotifier {
+  _FakeCustomerNotifier() : super(type: 'customer');
+
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<Partner>> build() async {
+    return const PageResult(
+      data: [
+        Partner(id: 2, name: '王记饭店', type: 'customer'),
+      ],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      pageSize: 20,
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void reload() {}
+}
+
+class _FakeProductNotifier extends ProductListNotifier {
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<Product>> build() async {
+    return const PageResult(
+      data: [
+        Product(
+          id: 1,
+          code: 'P001',
+          name: '五粮液',
+          spec: '500ml',
+          unit: '瓶',
+          salePrice: 120,
+        ),
+      ],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      pageSize: 20,
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void reload() {}
+
+  @override
+  void setKeyword(String keyword) {}
+
+  @override
+  void setPage(int page) {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> createProduct(Map<String, dynamic> data) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> updateProduct(int id, Map<String, dynamic> data) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> deleteProduct(int id) async {}
+}
+
+class _FakeInventoryRepository extends InventoryRepository {
+  _FakeInventoryRepository() : super(_DummyApiClient());
+
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<Inventory>> listInventory({
+    int? warehouseId,
+    String? keyword,
+    int page = 1,
+    int pageSize = 50,
+  }) async {
+    return const PageResult(
+      data: [
+        Inventory(
+          warehouseId: 1,
+          warehouseName: '主仓库',
+          productId: 1,
+          productName: '五粮液',
+          productUnit: '瓶',
+          quantity: 1,
+        ),
+      ],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      pageSize: 50,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+class _DummyApiClient extends ApiClient {
+  _DummyApiClient() : super(token: 'test-token');
+}
+
+class _FailingStockOutNotifier extends StockOutListNotifier {
+  @override
+  Future<PageResult<StockOutOrder>> build() async {
+    return const PageResult(data: [], total: 0, page: 1, pageSize: 20);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void reload() {}
+
+  @override
+  void setPage(int page) {}
+
+  @override
+  void setStatus(String status) {}
+
+  @override
+  void setDateRange(String? startDate, String? endDate) {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> createOrder(Map<String, dynamic> data) async {
+    throw const AppException('库存不足：五粮液 当前库存 1，需要 5', statusCode: 400);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> deleteOrder(int id) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> submitOrder(int id) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> approveOrder(int id) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> rejectOrder(int id) async {}
+}
+
+void main() {
+  testWidgets('stock-out form shows insufficient stock error on submit',
+      (tester) async {
+    tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1440, 1200);
+    tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1.0;
+    addTearDown(tester.view.resetPhysicalSize);
+
+    final router = GoRouter(
+      initialLocation: '/stock-out/new',
+      routes: [
+        GoRoute(
+          path: '/stock-out',
+          builder: (_, __) => const Scaffold(body: Text('stock-out list')),
+        ),
+        GoRoute(
+          path: '/stock-out/new',
+          builder: (_, __) => const StockOutFormScreen(),
+        ),
+      ],
+    );
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ProviderScope(
+        overrides: [
+          warehouseListProvider.overrideWith(() => _FakeWarehouseNotifier()),
+          customerListProvider.overrideWith(() => _FakeCustomerNotifier()),
+          productListProvider.overrideWith(() => _FakeProductNotifier()),
+          stockOutListProvider.overrideWith(() => _FailingStockOutNotifier()),
+          inventoryRepositoryProvider.overrideWith(
+            (ref) => _FakeInventoryRepository(),
+          ),
+        ],
+        child: MaterialApp.router(routerConfig: router),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.tap(find.byType(DropdownButtonFormField<int>).at(0));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+    await tester.tap(find.text('主仓库').last);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.tap(find.byType(DropdownButtonFormField<int>).at(2));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+    await tester.tap(find.text('五粮液（500ml）').last);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextFormField).at(1), '5');
+    await tester.tap(find.text('提交审核'));
+    await tester.pump();
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.textContaining('库存不足'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('stock-out list'), findsNothing);
+  });
+}